MATERI GRAMMAR
👉 PAST TENSE (NOMINAL AND VERBAL)
Simple Past is a form of tense that describes events
that are specific time in the past. The verb used in this tense must be a
second verb (verb 2).
Formula:
(+) Subject + verb 2 + object
Subject + to be (was / were) + adjective / adverb
(-) Subject + did not + infinitive verb + object
Subject + was / were + not + adjective / adverb
(?) Did + subject + infinitive verb + object?
Was / were + subject + adjective / adverb?
Example:
(+) You have played chess
(-) You have not played chess
(?) Have you played chess?
(+) You have washed my bag
(-) You have not washed my bag
(?) Have you washed my bag?
(+) I have been a master chesser
(-) I have not been a master chesser
(?) Have I been a master chesser?
Use of Simple Past Tense:
1. To explain an event that is certain time in the
past
2. To explain the events that took place in a period
in the past
3. To show a habit or action carried out repeatedly
in the past
4. To express self-perceptions and emotions that
were felt in the past
5. To explain ownership or ownership in the past
Explanation of time to state past tense
1. Yesterday
2. Last week
3. Last month
4. Last year
5. At past
6. A day ago
7. An hour ago
8. A month ago
👉 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present still has a perfect shape and is still
used to make it still work until now or has been completed at a certain point
in the past but the effect still continues.
Formula:
VERBAL
(+) S + auxiliary verb (has / have) + verb 3
(-) S + auxiliary verb (has / have) + not + verb 3
(?) auxiliary verb (has / have) + S + verb 3
NOMINAL
(+) S + auxiliary verb (has / have) + been + non
verb
(-) S + auxiliary verb (has / have) + not + been +
non verb
(?) auxiliary verb (has / have) + S + been + non
verb
Example:
(+) You Have eaten meatball
(-) You have not eaten meatball
(?) Have you eaten meatball?
(+) Iqbal have cleaned their bag
(-) Iqbal have not cleaned their bag
(?) Have Iqbal cleaned their bag?
(+) She has playing games yesterday
(-) She has not playing game yesterday
(?) Has she played the game yesterday?
👉 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present continuous tense or present progressive
tense is a form of verb that is used to express the action that is now or a
plan in the future (future). Because it can be used on the present or future,
it will be clarified.
Formula:
(+) S + be (am / is / are) + present participle
(ing)
(-) S + be (am / is / are) + not + present
participle (ing)
(?) be (am / is / are) + S + present participle
(ing)?
Example:
(+) I am reading a book at the moment.
(-) I am not reading a book at the moment.
(?) Am I reading a book at the moment?
(+) He is writing a novel
(-) He is not writing a novel
(?) Is he writing a novel?
Function:
1) Present continuous tense to talk about an action
that is happening now. Time expressions: now, at the moment, over holidays
2) Present continuous tense to discuss plan or move
to a place / condition. Time for information on Sunday, at 9 o'clock on Sunday,
next week / month
3) Present continuous tense to express irritation
over actions that occur repeatedly.
👉 FUTURE TENSE
Future tense is a form that is used to express an
event or event in a future that works to be carried out in the future.
Formula:
Verbal
(+) S + will / shall + verb 1 + O
S + Am / is / are +
going to + verb 1 + O
(-) S + will / shall + not + verb 1 + O
S + Am / is / are +
not + going to + verb 1 + O
(?) Will / shall + S + Verb 1 + O?
Am / are / are +
S + going to + Verb 1 + O?
Nominal
(+) S + Will / shall + Complement
S + To be + going to
be + not + C
(-) S + Will / shall + not + Complement
S + To be + going to
be + C
(?) Will / shall + S + be + C?
To be + S + going to
be + C? S
Example:
(+) I shall go to mosque
(-) I shall not go to mosque
(?) Shall I go to mosque?
(+) He is going to be a teacher
(-) He is not going to be a teacher
(?) Is she going to be a teacher?
✋ Daftar Pustaka:
1. Past
Tense
2. Presnt
Perfect Tense
3. Present
Continuous Tense
4. Future
Tense
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